Higher Secondary – First Year 2018-2019
Study Materiyal For English
UNIT
1. PROSE. The portrait of a lady
-
Khushwant Singh
Glossary
mantelpiece –
shelf above a fireplace.
Absurd - inconsistent / illogical.
Fables -
tales/ stories.
Hobbled - walked unsteadily.
Pucker - to
contract the face into wrinkles.
Expanse - widespread.
Monotonous - unchanging / boring.
Snapped - broke / cut
Seclusion - Isolation
Bedlam - Noisy confusion
Perched - Sat / rested
Rebukes - scoldings
Dilapidated - Damaged
Pallor - pale appearance
Shroud - wrap
Vocabulary
a] Choose antonyms.
Moist -
Arid
Frivolous – Serious
Omitted - Included
Protest -
Accept
Serenity - Anxiety
Scattered - Gathered
Monotonous-
Interesting.
B] Fill in the appropriate compound words.
Reeta hurried along the
road, dressed in her spotless new
dress towards the bus stop. Before
sunset ,she had to reach the bus of her grandmother. But the first half-hour
of her travel was slow due to traffic jam. Her homecoming would be regarded with joy. She was over straining herself to reach the
place. When she finally
stepped into the courtyard, she was
received with a big hug by her kind aunt. She was in time to join the gentlefolk at the village, for a singsong.
C] Match the forms of compound words;
Mantel - piece
Eye - lashes
Water
- proof
Bee
- hive
Toll - gate
Door - knob
Spinning
- wheel
D] Frame the meaningful sentences;
1. She was young and pretty
and the thought was almost revolting.
2. Aishwarya was
like an expanse of pure white serenity.
3. It was a turning point in our friendship.
4. My grandmother accepted her seclusion with resignation.
5. My mother fed my
brother with frivolous rebukes.
E]. Form two derivatives;
1. Manage = management, manageable
2. Differ = different, differently
3. Beauty = beautiful, beautifulness
4. Peace = peaceful, peacefulness
5. Arrange = arrangement, arranging
6. Collect = collective, collection
7. Approve = approval, disapproval
8. Narrate = narrative, narration
9. Class = classify, classification
F]. Homophones;
1. brake/ break
a. we have a short break between the sessions.
b. The car skidded to a
halt when I applied the brake.
2. waste/ waist
a. Shivani wears a belt
around her waist.
b. We should never
misuse or waste natural resources.
3. principle/ principal
a. Oxygen is the principal element present in the earth’s
crust.
b. Both these machines
work on the same principle
.
4. bread/ bred
a. Turtles should be bred in a healthy environment.
b. I like to have
toasted bread for breakfast.
5. lesson/ lessen.
a. This medicine will lessen your pain.
b. Finally, the manager
learnt a lesson the hard way.
6. pale/ pail
a. The child looks very
sick and pale.
b. I need a pail of water to wash these cups.
7. through/ threw
a. Ravi picked the
banana peel and threw it in the dust
bin.
b. The soldiers had to
pass through a dark tunnel.
8. corps/ corpse
a. The corpse was covered with a shroud.
b. A five – day annual
training camp for the senior cadets of the national cadet corps.
LISTENING ACTIVITY
PROVERBS
1.
According to Napoleon ‘Good mothers make
good’ nations.
2.
Mothers exhibit unconditional love.
3.
Adopted
mothers care much for their children.
4.
Love
is the most important thing in the world.
5.
Love should be extended to countrymen
GRAMMAR
Articles and determiners
Types of determiners;
Articles Demonstrative
possessive adjectives
A
this
my, your
An
that his,
her
The
these
its, our
Those your, their
Quantifiers Numbers
Ordinals
Some,
any few, one, two, three, first, second,
third,
Little
more, much four
twenty,
last next
Any,
every
hundred
A] Fill in the paragraph using ‘a, an’, or ‘the’.
It
is said that a computer is an electronic extension of the human
brain. Therefore, in principle, a computer
can do all those activities which a human
brain can do. Today computers are found to be the most useful devices as knowledge providers. Another important
field of application of computers is the
developments of robots. The
internet has brought a drastic
change in communication systems.
B] Insert ‘a, an’, or ‘the’.
In
our family, we have planned to take the children
to the zoo next Sunday. A van has been arranged and we are sure
to have a comfortable journey. The zoo is an interesting place for the
children who enjoy watching the animals
and want to know more about them. Even youngsters love to visit the
zoo.
C] Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners.
Once
the emperor a bag of seeds to his council of ministers and said that he give
them six months’ time to grow the seeds. Whoever does a good job will be made
the next emperor of that empire. Few of the ministers took their task
seriously. After six months these ministers
had small plants in their pots. A few had very large plants. Some had medium sized plants. The
emperor entered the hall. He was much amused
to see the plants. He called the first minister and asked him what he
did with the seed. That minister
explained the process he adopted to make his
plant grow. The emperor called all the
other ministers to explain what they did. Only one ministers had come with
an empty pot. They laughed loudly at the foolishness of this minister. But the
emperor applauded him and made him the next
emperor. Do you know why. He had given them boiled seeds which will not
grow. Only one minister was honest.
D].
Determiners
1.
They came early but there was little work to do.
2.
Anand invited a few friends for the birthday party.
3.
The teacher gave every student a separate topic for the assignment.
4.
Most
of the water overflowed from the tank.
5.
Each one of my friends wished me on my birthday.
6.
Vijay had no idea about the problem.
7.
Adhi had taken many photos during the program.
8.
Few
girls who attended the class informed the others about the test.
GRAMMAR- TENSES
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
Simple
Works worked will
work
progressive
. Is working was
working
will be working
Perfect
Has worked had worked will have
worked
Perfect continuous
Has been working had
been working will
have been working
Example 2
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Simple
Writes
wrote
will write
Progressive
Is writing
was writing will
be writing
Perfect
Has
written
had written will have written
Perfect continuous
Has been writing had been
writing
will have been writing
A] fill in the blanks with the correct verb form;
The people of India, as a whole, are warm- hearted and hospitable. Any
calamity in any part of the world immediately arouses their charity and generosity and a committee is promptly set up to collect funds to help the distressed. The most endearing
quality in them is the respect they
show for the work done in any capacity. They believe in what we call the
dignity of labor.
B] use the verbs in their correct forms;
1. I would like to spend time with my
friend, whenever I am free.
2. He was likely to miss the train. He ran up to the station.
3. At the moment they were waiting at the bus stop. But I did not know their plans for the
journey.
4. They firmly believe in the existence of God.
5.We hear a lot of noise because the new
buildings transmit sound vacant.
6. she always makes excuses for coming late.
7. The Prime Minister leaves for America to meet the
delegates tomorrow.
C] Use simple present and present continuous tenses and complete
the commentary;
The 5000 meter race is
about to begin. Lined up at the starting point, from left to right, are John of
Great Britain, Peter of Nigeria and Jeeva of India. The runners are warming up
for the great event. Now they are taking
their positions on the track. They are
already for the start. There goes the
starter’s gun. Yes, the race has begun. John is leading with Jeeva close behind
him.
D] Kayal’s diary regarding her Nepal trek;
Fill in the blanks with
the correct tense;
DAY 1 We left
Anna International Airport in Chennai two days ago catching a direct flight
to Kathmandu in Nepal. We spent a
day sightseeing. Kathmandu is full of people, rickshaws and smell of
sandalwood. I’ve never been on a
trip like this before. So I’m really excited.
DAY 2 It was
raining when we reached Pokhara, Nepal’s second largest city, and saw the
snowy peaks of the Himalayas for the first time. We reached Pokhara after a hair- raising six- hour bus journey along
very narrow roads with a lot of hairpin bends. The bus was so full that one person had to share the driver’s seat.
DAY 3 We began
our trek at last. We are at about 900 meters and the weather is warm and
humid. For lunch we had chips and yak cheese sandwiches. I don’t like them very
much. I’m thrilled that we pitched tents
for our camps in the dense forests.
DAY 4 Yesterday a landslide blocked our path and we had to use ropes to get over it. This
morning we walked along the river Kali Gandaki through dense forests of oak
trees we pitched our camp at Tukuche below the Annapurna mountain range. The
main danger in addition to landslides, ‘yak attack’. Yaks are not dangerous but you have to be careful if you meet a herd of
because they can push you off the sides of the mountain.
DAY 5 We met a lot of children on our trek through
the villages. They were playing in
the pool of muddy rain water as we left the place. We have already climbed
2,400 meters. Up here it never rains
and there are no trees. It is windy
and dusty and I am always thirsty.
DAY 6 Yesterday we went up to the mountainside of the township of Mukthinath, at 3,600
meters. The thin air with less oxygen there had left us breathless. We felt
that we couldn’t go any further. We drank
a lot of extra fluids to prevent altitude sickness.
DAY 7 We turned around today and started to
descend to Jomosom. As we went down , the oxygen filled our blood again and we
seemed to be flying instead of
walking.
DAY 8 we went back to Pokhara in a small plane
yesterday. It was exciting when we
flew between the mountain peaks. We arrived in Kathmandu this afternoon and we spent our last few hours in shopping.
We leave for Chennai tomorrow. We’ ve had a trip of a lifetime.
E] Underline the simple present tense and simple past;
1. Unless one is upright there is no use in being a charming fellow. Sometimes it is better to be honest than attractive.
These are the great truths of modern
life which Shyam never realized. He
never said an ill- natured word in his life. He was always polite and spoke softly to everybody.
2. That night he strolled into the Palette Club
about eleven o’ clock, and found Trevor
sitting by himself in the long room. ‘’Well, Alan, did you get the picture finished
all right’’ he said , as he lit
his cigarette ’’finished and framed, my boy’’ answered
Trevor, ‘’and by- the-bye, you have made a conquest. That old model you saw is quite devoted to you. I had to tell him all about you- who you are, where you live, what
your income is, what prospects you have.’’
3. ‘’And now tell me how Laura is. The
old model was quite interested in her.’’ ‘’You don’t mean to say you talked to him about her.’’ Said
Hughie. ‘’Certainly I did. He
knows all about the relentless
colonel, the lovely Laura, and the 10,000.’’ ‘’You told that old beggar all my private affairs’’. Cried Hughie, looking very red
and angry. ‘’My dear Alan,’’ cried Hughie,
‘’shall probably find him waiting for me when I go home.’’
F] Fill in the blanks
using past tense;
1.
I had
never seen such a beautiful before I came here.
2.
We were not able to stay overnight as we not reserved the tickets in advance.
3.
Nirmala had been to the concert several times.
4.
Mariappan knew pudukottai so well because
he had lived there for five years.
5.
Yusuf understood the problem because had experienced the situation earlier.
6.
Catherine did not have any cash because
she had lost her purse.
7.
My father had been to Mumbai once before.
8.
The cat had chased the bird before it flew out of the yard.
9.
Edith had visited several doctors before she found out the problem was
with her knee.
10.
If we had called the manager ahead, we would not have needed to wait so
long for a table.
G] Underline the past perfect tense and bold the simple past
tense;
INDIA BEAT PAKISTAN TO WIN
BLIND
CRICKET WORLD CUP
Chasing a huge target
of 308 runs, India romped home in
the penultimate over of the match to defeat Pakistan and win the Blind Cricket
World Cup. India started off their
chase in a cracking manner, but had
lost two quick wickets. Sunil Ramesh rose to the occasion as he played
a great knock to help India beat Pakistan and had scored 93 runs. Earlier India won the toss and had
decided to bowl first. Pakistan amassed
a huge score of 307 for eight in 40 over’s. Their openers had given them a brisk start
which the later batsman capitalized on.
H] Fill in the spaces with the right form of verbs;
1.
The poet stops to hear the maiden singing
while she was cutting and binding the grain. The song of the lady
fascinated the poet, who was standing there to listen to the
song. The girl was singing a sad
song.
2.
During the monsoon, a tender slightly
warm breeze blew on a cloudless
afternoon. A sort of fragrance rose from
the wet grass and trees in the sunlight. It seemed as if the warm breath of the exhausted earth fell against one’s skin. A sweet voiced
bird somewhere was chirping repeatedly.
I]
Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in the brackets;
Ever
since social networking sites entered our lives, they served as platforms where users could use the virtual space offered
by these social media. However, recent incidents have caused many to question the freedom to express views on
various issues and in some cases, it has
become a dangerous platform. Social contact has transformed people. They develop
an addiction to it.
J] Read the following passage and correct the errors;
1.
Rajan slowly settled down in his retried life. His pension plus what his wife brought from the household work she did helped them to meet their
requirements. Life was easy until
one Sunday. His granddaughter Madhu came
crying. The clay doll in her hand had broken into two. Rajan pacified her and promised to mend it. This small repair work became the founding
stone for a very prosperous venture of making clay dolls which earned him great respect.
2.
Games and sports help in recreation. Soccer, cricket, lawn tennis or wrestling are eagerly watched by millions of
fans all over the world. It helps
one get a temporary relief from the
tensions of the day. The dedication
displayed by the players in the
field indicates the mental and development of the player.
1.
Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each;
A]
Describe the grandfather as seen in the
portrait.
The grandfather had a long white
beard. He wore a big turban and loose fitting clothes. He looked at least 100
years old.
A]
Describe the author’s grandmother.
1. The grandmother was a deeply
religious women.
2. She was affectionate and caring.
3. She had perfect control over her
emotions.
4. She used to feed animals and
birds.
B]
What was the daily routine of the
grandmother at home.
1. Prepare the author for school.
2. Accompany him to school.
3. Feeding the sparrows in the
afternoon.
4. Feeding the dogs with chapatti
after school hours.
C]
How is school education in the village
different from in the city.
VILLAGE
SCHOOL CITY
SCHOOL
1.
Alphabet and multiplication English, Science, and Music
were taught.
Tables
were taught.
2.
Teaching about God, No teaching
about God, Scriptures and
Scriptures
and Moral values.
Moral values.
D]
The grandmother appreciated the value of
education. Give instances in support of your answer.
1.
The grandmother was not formally educated.
2. She was serious about author’s education.
3. She could not agree herself to the
western way of education.
4. She didn’t show her disapproval and
accepted the fact.
E]
The grandmother was strong- minded.
Justify.
1.
The grandmother was a picture of contentment.
2.
She was a highly religious and conservative.
3.
She had a strong personal likings and dislikes.
4.
She did not show her emotions when the author decided to go abroad for higher
studies.
F]
How did the grandmother spend the last
few hours of her life.
1.
She declared herself that her end was near.
2.
She continued praying without wasting any time.
3.
She peacefully prayed and moving the rosary.
4.
Her lips stopped moving and rosary fell down from her fingers.
5.
She died peacefully.
WRITING
a. Notice.
1.
Prepare a notice of class 11, informing
them about the educational tour that has been arranged for them the next month
NOTICE
XYZ SCHOOL
19th
September 2018
This
is to inform that an educational tour to Ooty has been arranged for X I
students the next month. Those who wish to join the tour register your names
with your class teacher before 30th September.
Management
Fees; Rs 3500/- for 3 days.
|
2.
Write a notice about the inauguration of
a laughter club in your school.
NOTICE
ABC
SCHOOL
We are glad to inform
you that a laughter club will be inaugurated in our school.
Time; 10 am
Date; 18. 10. 2018
All are
Welcome.
Secretary- laughter club
|
b.
Message.
Write
a message to the Physical Director, requesting him to be present during the
football team selection scheduled for tomorrow.
20th
September
Respected
sir,
You
are requested to be present for the football team selection for the zonal
which is scheduled tomorrow. Respected Principal asked me to convey this
message to you. So please be in the school tomorrow at 9.00 am sharp.
Sports
Captain,
XXX
|
C] Do you exercise
regularly.
1.
Walking; I go for walk everyday in
the morning. Morning walk is very good for our health. Something as simple as a
daily brisk walk can help us live in a healthier life. It helps us maintain a
healthy weight, prevents or manages various conditions including heart disease,
high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes.
3.
Working
out in a gym; Going to the gym everyday will help you
control your weight. If you are overweight or obese, losing even a moderate
amount of weight such as 10% of your body weight may reduce your risk of developing
serious conditions. Exercising everyday strengthens our heart and allows it to
pump more efficiently with less strain. It also lowers our risk of developing
diabetes, metabolic syndrome and some types of cancer such as colon cancer and
breast cancer. It also enhances our social life as well as the way we feel
about ourselves.
4.
Swimming:
It is a great workout because we need to move our whole body
against the resistance of the water. Swimming is a good all round activity
because it keeps our heart rate up, takes some of the impact stress off our
body, builds endurance muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness. It is fun
and a great way to keep fit and well and make friends. It is a healthy activity
that we can continue for a life time.
5.
Cycling:
Cycling is mainly an aerobic activity, which means that our heart, blood
vessels and lungs all get a workout. We will breathe deeper, perspire and
experience increased body temperature, which will improve our over all fitness
level. It help us to protect us from serious diseases such as stroke, heart
attack, some cancers, depression, diabetes, obesity and arthritis. It is easy
to fit into our daily routine by riding to the shops, park, school or work.
GENERAL ESSAY
‘Reading
Maketh a Complete Man.
Good morning everyone! Respect
Principal, teachers and friends; I am Megalai of class X I and I stand before
you to share a few thoughts on the topic ‘Reading Maketh a Complete Man’.
‘Reading Maketh a complete man’ is a
popular saying of Francis Bacon. We do not realize the fact that our minds are
molded by the books we read. In fact, we have several means by which we acquire
knowledge today – the radio, the TV, the newspapers and magazines, the internet
etc. But reading books is the most ancient and the most effective of them all.
Reading a book is different and it is an activity which gives us immense
pleasure. We are never alone when we have the company of books. In the modern
world we have a very little time. When we have a little leisure, we watch TV,
gossip or run to parties, clubs or other social activities. We are afraid to be
alone with ourselves, afraid to sit quietly and think. We are happy with others
but not with ourselves. Reading a book on such an occasion gives us the comfort
of good company and true pleasure. Books are the greatest treasure of mankind
and the habit of reading them is the source of pleasure. He who is in the habit
of reading books should buy books for himself. He should start collecting books
in his youth. The books collected and arranged properly in a room not only
decorate the room but also make the presence of their authors felt. Books
contain in them eternal truths and are better friends than those of flesh and
blood as they not only entertain but also guide us. …………………………………………………………………………………
